[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"knowledge-c7e709c9fc655723":3},{"id":4,"slug":5,"category":6,"categoryLabel":7,"title":8,"summary":9,"coverUrl":10,"publishDate":11,"shareUser":12,"rank":16,"lastSyncedAt":17,"contentHtml":18,"images":19,"sourceUrl":71},"6a6bf75c842edf9499181022","c7e709c9fc655723","others","其他","电线上为什么要挂一串“精灵球”？这东西关键时刻可以救命！","","https:\u002F\u002Ffoxfom.com\u002Fimages\u002Fothers\u002F20260731\u002Fimage-1785460571910-0-43e244cf.jpg","2026-07-30T14:15:05.025888+08:00",{"name":13,"label":14,"text":15},"fSlc","fSlc分享","来自fSlc分享",10,"2026-08-02T01:15:59.641Z","\u003Cdiv>\u003Cp>你见过挂在电线上的球吗？\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cstrong>这种装置在城市居民区很少见，但它们时常出现在高速路边、机场周围，以及输电线横跨山谷、河流的地方。这些颜色鲜艳的球体看起来像是某种保护壳，仿佛守护着什么神秘的高科技设备。\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cimg alt=\"\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Ffoxfom.com\u002Fimages\u002Fothers\u002F20260731\u002Fimage-1785460571926-1-49e513fd.jpg\">\u003Cp>谁把精灵球挂电线上了？| 图虫创意\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>然而，这些球里面其实什么东西都没装，色彩鲜艳的外壳才是它的本体。\u003Cstrong>这些神秘球体对输送电力没有任何作用，但它们是至关重要的安全设施，关键时刻能拯救许多生命。\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cimg alt=\"\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Ffoxfom.com\u002Fimages\u002Fothers\u002F20260731\u002Fimage-1785460571945-2-d300d592.jpg\">\u003Cp>这些球能拯救生命，而且不只是人类的生命。| 黑jio妹妹\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cstrong>飞行安全保障\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cstrong>这种球名叫航空警示球（aerial marker balls），它是给飞机、直升机等飞行器驾驶员看的。\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cstrong>它可以保障低空飞行安全，避免飞行器与输电线相撞。\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cp>输电线颜色黯淡又很纤细，难以从远处看清。\u003Cstrong>而航空警示球不仅颜色鲜艳，而且尺寸很大，在千米之外也能清晰展现电线的轮廓，让飞行员能够提前避让。\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cimg alt=\"\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Ffoxfom.com\u002Fimages\u002Fothers\u002F20260731\u002Fimage-1785460571965-3-6201a25e.jpg\">\u003Cp>虽然在空中看起来小，但这种警示球其实尺寸相当大，它通常直径在0.6-1米之间。| Lisa Meiman\u002FWestern Area Power\u002FFlickr\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>这些球最常见的颜色是橙色，它可以和蓝天、绿树等背景形成强烈的反差。此外，它也可以是红色、白色或黄色的，偶尔还有双色或者条纹款式。在较长的输电线上，不同颜色的球常会交替出现，这样能让线路看起来更加清晰。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cimg alt=\"\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Ffoxfom.com\u002Fimages\u002Fothers\u002F20260731\u002Fimage-1785460571985-4-5930af8e.jpg\">\u003Cp>交替使用不同颜色的警示球可以让输电线路在各种背景下都清晰可见。| 图虫创意\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cstrong>为了应对夜间和能见度较差的情况，一些输电线还会安装发光航空警示标志。最经典版本的输电线发光标志1960年就已经诞生了，它可以直接利用输电线形成的电场获取能量，点亮充有低压氖气的霓虹灯管，发出醒目的橙红色光。除此之外，发光标志也可以利用太阳能等方式供电。\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cimg alt=\"\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Ffoxfom.com\u002Fimages\u002Fothers\u002F20260731\u002Fimage-1785460572005-5-80f4baf6.jpg\">\u003Cp>悬挂在高压输电线上的发光标志，这种装置发明于1960年。| wikimedia\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cstrong>它是怎么挂上去的？\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cp>航空警示球经常出现在机场周边区域，它们可以确保飞机起降时低空飞行的安全。除此之外，它还可能出现在飞行培训及低空作业飞行密集的地方，以及需要展开森林消防、医疗救护等航空任务的区域。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cstrong>在架设新的输电线路时，可以利用高空作业车安装这些警示球。而对于已经投入使用的输电线，加装或更换警示球经常需要动用直升机。为了提高施工安全性，一些地方也开始采用无人机来安装这些设备。\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cimg alt=\"\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Ffoxfom.com\u002Fimages\u002Fothers\u002F20260731\u002Fimage-1785460572022-6-ce1f9d48.jpg\">\u003Cp>安装航空警示球有时需要直升机。| cvea.org\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cstrong>安装人员需要将两片半球像吃豆人一样扣合在缆线上，然后再用螺栓固定。这些球用玻璃纤维增强塑料等牢固的绝缘材料制成，它们可以使用10-15年时间。\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cstrong>不发光的警示球通常安装在防雷地线上，这条线位于架空输电线的最上方。这些球需要均匀等距地安装，并且不能太过稀疏，这样才能完整显示输电线路的轮廓。为了避免同一根缆线承受太多重量和风阻，警示球有时还会分散交替地安装在不同缆线上。\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cimg alt=\"\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Ffoxfom.com\u002Fimages\u002Fothers\u002F20260731\u002Fimage-1785460572040-7-24ad5640.jpg\">\u003Cp>交替安装在不同缆线上的警示球 |《架空输电线路航空警示装置技术规范（征求意见稿）》\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cstrong>对人好，对鸟也好\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cstrong>在避免航空事故的同时，输电线警示标也能起到预防鸟撞的作用。\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cp>虽然小鸟可以平安地站立在单根输电线上，但鸟类因为接触或撞击输电线身亡的情况其实也时有发生。翼展较宽的大型鸟类尤其容易触电，因为它们经常同时撞上多根电线，在身体不同部位之间产生电势差。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cimg alt=\"\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Ffoxfom.com\u002Fimages\u002Fothers\u002F20260731\u002Fimage-1785460572061-8-f69aa257.jpg\">\u003Cp>输电线导致鸟类触电的各种情况。| Martín Martín et al. 2019\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cstrong>据估计，全球每年因撞击输电设备死亡的鸟类可能会达到数亿规模[1]。除了害死鸟类自己，鸟撞事故还可能引发火灾和大规模停电。\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cimg alt=\"\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Ffoxfom.com\u002Fimages\u002Fothers\u002F20260731\u002Fimage-1785460572080-9-1cf703e7.jpg\">\u003Cp>一只在输电线上触电身亡的白鹳 | Mathias Putze\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>输电线警示标志可以有效减少鸟撞事故。\u003Cstrong>有研究显示，在安装标记的地方，鸟类因撞击输电线死亡的频率降低了78%[2]。\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>警示球可以同时用于飞行员和鸟类，而如果只需要应对飞鸟，还可以使用更小巧、灵活的标记方法。设计最简单的防鸟警示标是一根颜色鲜艳的“大弹簧”，它安装非常简便，而且还有重量轻、风阻小的优点。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cimg alt=\"\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Ffoxfom.com\u002Fimages\u002Fothers\u002F20260731\u002Fimage-1785460572112-10-83eb70fc.jpg\">\u003Cp>螺旋形输电线防鸟撞装置。大圈部分形成醒目的标志，小圈部分可以缠绕固定在缆线上。| Raptor Protection of Slovakia, dravce.sk\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>总之，无论形式如何，这些挂在电线上的鲜艳标志都守护着低空区域的安全。有了它们的存在，共享一片天空的人类与鸟儿都能更加平安地飞行。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>参考文献\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>[1] Loss SR, Will T, Marra PP. Refining estimates of bird collision and electrocution mortality at power lines in the United States. PLoS One. 2014 Jul 3;9(7):e101565. doi: 10.1371\u002Fjournal.pone.0101565. PMID: 24991997; PMCID: PMC4081594.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>[2] Barrientos R, Alonso JC, Ponce C, Palacín C. Meta-analysis of the effectiveness of marked wire in reducing avian collisions with power lines. Conserv Biol. 2011 Oct;25(5):893-903. doi: 10.1111\u002Fj.1523-1739.2011.01699.x. Epub 2011 Jun 15. PMID: 21676031.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>[3] https:\u002F\u002Fwww.core77.com\u002Fposts\u002F109444\u002FHow-They-Install-Those-Orange-Balls-on-Power-Lines-From-a-Helicopter\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>[4] https:\u002F\u002Fwww.calcalistech.com\u002Fctechnews\u002Farticle\u002Fsyuycbuyme\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>[5] https:\u002F\u002Fwww.caac.gov.cn\u002FPHONE\u002FHDJL\u002FYJZJ\u002F202311\u002FP020231114491332858691.pdf\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>[6] https:\u002F\u002Fces.org.cn\u002Fres\u002Fces\u002F2512\u002F1a8171d091063b1be4ec1f39c624dd57.pdf\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>[7] https:\u002F\u002Ftheconversation.com\u002Fwhat-are-those-orange-balls-on-some-power-lines-272019\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>[8] https:\u002F\u002Fwww.scienceabc.com\u002Feyeopeners\u002Fwhat-are-those-colorful-balls-that-are-attached-to-power-lines\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>作者：窗敲雨\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>编辑：Luna\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>封面图来源：图虫创意\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cimg alt=\"\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Ffoxfom.com\u002Fimages\u002Fothers\u002F20260731\u002Fimage-1785460572140-11-5d142d5e.jpg\">\u003Cstrong>点个“小爱心”吧\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cimg alt=\"\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Ffoxfom.com\u002Fimages\u002Fothers\u002F20260731\u002Fimage-1785460572193-12-5c9a2ed3.gif\">  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