[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"knowledge-b05802addce2147c":3},{"id":4,"slug":5,"category":6,"categoryLabel":7,"title":8,"summary":9,"coverUrl":10,"publishDate":11,"shareUser":12,"rank":16,"lastSyncedAt":17,"contentHtml":18,"images":19,"sourceUrl":119},"6a33b3f9759fbb61a0536fc8","b05802addce2147c","nature","自然","宇宙侦探事物所 之 小行星为啥喷砂子？","小行星贝努往外抛石头的秘密，可能被冥王号探测器找到了。","https:\u002F\u002Ffoxfom.com\u002Fimages\u002Fnature\u002F20260619\u002Fimage-1781831787627-0-395d507d.jpg","2020-01-17T17:31:09.607330+08:00",{"name":13,"label":14,"text":15},"210","210分享","来自210分享",2,"2026-08-23T01:15:57.317Z","\n                    \n\n                    \n\n                    \n                    \n                    \u003Csection style=\"color: rgb(88, 89, 89);line-height: 2;padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;\">\u003Csection style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Cp style=\"white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;\">2016年9月8日，NASA发射了一颗全称叫Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, Security, Regolith Explorer的探测器，意思是\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(62, 104, 75);box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cstrong style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">太阳系起源、光谱解析、资源识别、安全保障和小行星风化层探索者\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>，缩写为\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(62, 104, 75);box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cstrong style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">OSIRIS-REx\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;\">这个缩写和埃及神话中的冥王俄西里斯有关，所以我们叫它“\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(62, 104, 75);box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cstrong style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">冥王号\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>”好了。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Csection style=\"white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Csection style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Csection style=\"display: inline;box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Csection style=\"max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cimg class=\"raw-image\" data-type=\"jpeg\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Ffoxfom.com\u002Fimages\u002Fnature\u002F20260619\u002Fimage-1781831787911-1-361cc676.jpg\">\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection style=\"line-height: 1.5;box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Cp style=\"text-align: center;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 12px;color: rgb(204, 204, 204);box-sizing: border-box;\">（左）埃及神话中的俄西里斯（Osiris）（图中最左边那个）| 维基；（右）冥王号探测器示意图 | NASA\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Cp style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">2018年12月31日，冥王号进入它的探测目标——一颗名叫“贝努”（Bennu）的近地小行星的轨道，开始在距离贝努质心1.6-2.1公里的高度上进行环绕探测。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Csection style=\"text-align: center;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Csection style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Csection style=\"width: 345px;max-width: 100%;display: inline;box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Csection style=\"max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 345px;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cimg class=\"raw-image\" data-type=\"gif\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Ffoxfom.com\u002Fimages\u002Fnature\u002F20260619\u002Fimage-1781831787946-2-556bec20.gif\">\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection style=\"line-height: 1.4;padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Cp style=\"text-align: center;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 12px;color: rgb(204, 204, 204);box-sizing: border-box;\">小行星贝努 | NASA\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Cp style=\"white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;\">然而，入轨才刚一周的2019年1月6日，也是贝努飞掠近日点的4天前，冥王号就惊讶地发现…… \u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(62, 104, 75);box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cstrong style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">咦？贝努好像在往外喷射尘埃颗粒哎？？？\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Csection style=\"text-align: center;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Csection style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Csection style=\"display: inline;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Csection style=\"max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 100%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cimg class=\"raw-image\" data-type=\"jpeg\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Ffoxfom.com\u002Fimages\u002Fnature\u002F20260619\u002Fimage-1781831787963-3-49f8d0e6.jpg\">\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection style=\"line-height: 1.4;box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Cp style=\"text-align: center;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(177, 177, 177);font-size: 12px;text-align: justify;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;\">2019年1月6日，冥王号NavCam1相机拍摄的两张不同曝光时间（1.4毫秒和5秒）的照片合成图 | NASA\u002FGoddard\u002FUniversity of Arizona\u002FLockheed Martin \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cbr style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection style=\"white-space: normal;text-align: center;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;\">也就是说，贝努并不是一颗普普通通的小行星，它是一颗\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(62, 104, 75);box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cstrong style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">罕见的“活跃小行星”\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>——轨道特征和小行星一样，但又会偶尔或长期表现出喷射粒子、产生尾迹之类与彗星相似的活跃特征。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;\">到底是发生了什么才让原本看起来老老实实的小行星“不安分”了起来呢？为了解开这个谜团，冥王号项目组进行了一系列考查和论证，\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(62, 104, 75);box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cstrong style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">这一成果于2019年12月6日在线发表于《科学》杂志\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection style=\"margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;padding-right: 6px;padding-bottom: 6px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Csection style=\"padding-top: 6px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(237, 242, 238);box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Csection style=\"margin-right: -6px;margin-bottom: -6px;margin-left: 6px;background-color: rgb(62, 104, 75);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-right: 6px;padding-left: 6px;font-size: 20px;box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cp style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">频繁喷发？\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Cp style=\"white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;\">第一次发现贝努有这样的喷射粒子行为是在2019年1月6日，这很大程度上是因为\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(62, 104, 75);box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cstrong style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">这次喷发事件规模非常大\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>，太容易被发现了。但通过查验更早时候拍摄的贝努照片，冥王号项目组发现：之前似乎就有过小规模的粒子活动。\u003Cspan style=\"letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;\">实际上，冥王号记录下的最早的贝努周围粒子迹象可以追溯到\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(62, 104, 75);box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cstrong style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">2018年12月10日\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>——NavCam1相机拍摄到了\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(62, 104, 75);box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cstrong style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">一颗亚轨道飞行的的砾石\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>，直径约有8厘米。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Csection style=\"text-align: center;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Csection style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Csection style=\"width: 363px;max-width: 100%;display: inline;box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Csection style=\"max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 363px;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cimg class=\"raw-image\" data-type=\"jpeg\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Ffoxfom.com\u002Fimages\u002Fnature\u002F20260619\u002Fimage-1781831787999-4-b6bd2932.jpg\">\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection style=\"line-height: 1.5;box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Cp style=\"text-align: center;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(204, 204, 204);font-size: 12px;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;\">A和B那样的抛物轨迹就是“亚轨道”，飞一段还会落回贝努表面。改编自：维基\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Cp style=\"white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;\">为了不错过接下来可能的喷发事件，冥王号分别从1月11日和28日开始两次增加了对贝努的拍照频率。经过一番详尽的跟踪考察和统计，冥王号从进入贝努轨道到2019年2月中旬的约50天里，\u003Cstrong style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(62, 104, 75);box-sizing: border-box;\">共计有39天都在贝努周围观测到有粒子活动\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fstrong>。不过其中有近十次都是小规模的粒子喷发（喷射粒子数不足20颗），还有20多天只观测到了单个粒子游荡的痕迹，这些颗粒物似乎并不对应于具体哪次喷发事件，更接近于背景粒子。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Csection style=\"text-align: center;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Csection style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Csection style=\"display: inline;box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Csection style=\"max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cimg class=\"raw-image\" data-type=\"jpeg\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Ffoxfom.com\u002Fimages\u002Fnature\u002F20260619\u002Fimage-1781831788259-5-675535f8.jpg\">\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Csection style=\"text-align: justify;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(204, 204, 204);box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cp style=\"text-align: center;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;\">后两次大规模粒子喷射事件（紫色）之后，均有观测到背景粒子（蓝色）增多。第一次大规模喷发后没有明显迹象更可能是由于当时的拍照频率还不够高 | 参考文献 [3]\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Csection style=\"text-align: justify;color: rgb(62, 104, 75);box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cp style=\"white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cspan style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cstrong style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">规模最大的三次喷发\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(104, 104, 104);box-sizing: border-box;\">分别发生在\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(62, 104, 75);box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cstrong style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">2019年1月6日\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>、\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(62, 104, 75);box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cstrong style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">1月19日\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>和\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(62, 104, 75);box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cstrong style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">2月11日\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>，喷射的粒子数均超过60颗，第一次甚至达到200颗左右。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Csection style=\"text-align: center;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Csection style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Csection style=\"display: inline;box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Csection style=\"max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cimg class=\"raw-image\" data-type=\"jpeg\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Ffoxfom.com\u002Fimages\u002Fnature\u002F20260619\u002Fimage-1781831788276-6-4968ab8f.jpg\">\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Csection style=\"text-align: center;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Csection style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Csection style=\"width: 287px;max-width: 100%;display: inline;box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Csection style=\"max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 287px;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cimg class=\"raw-image\" data-type=\"jpeg\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Ffoxfom.com\u002Fimages\u002Fnature\u002F20260619\u002Fimage-1781831788313-7-2ccfb3fb.jpg\">\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Csection style=\"text-align: justify;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(204, 204, 204);line-height: 1.5;box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cp style=\"text-align: center;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;\">冥王号拍摄到的小行星贝努上三次规模最大的喷发事件，拍摄距离分别距离贝努质心1.66公里、1.99公里和1.64公里。其中2月11日那次是长曝光拍摄，且经过了一定的图像处理来显示出粒子，所以位于右下角的小行星贝努几乎看不到细节 | 参考文献 [3]\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Csection style=\"text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cp style=\"white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;\">这三次喷发，是冥王号团队的重点分析研究对象。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection style=\"margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;padding-right: 6px;padding-bottom: 6px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Csection style=\"padding-top: 6px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(237, 242, 238);box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Csection style=\"margin-right: -6px;margin-bottom: -6px;margin-left: 6px;background-color: rgb(62, 104, 75);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-right: 6px;padding-left: 6px;font-size: 20px;box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cp style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">三次大喷发，从哪里来？\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Cp style=\"white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;\">通过分析冥王号拍摄照片中粒子的轨迹，可以回溯这三次大喷发的\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(62, 104, 75);box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cstrong style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">粒子速度和可能的喷发点\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>。值得注意的是，因为后两次大喷发时有更充足的观测数据（更高的拍摄频率），科学家可以有更精准的回溯结果。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Csection style=\"display: inline;box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Csection style=\"max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cimg class=\"raw-image\" data-type=\"jpeg\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Ffoxfom.com\u002Fimages\u002Fnature\u002F20260619\u002Fimage-1781831788349-8-0876c967.jpg\">\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection style=\"padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Cp style=\"text-align: center;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 12px;color: rgb(204, 204, 204);box-sizing: border-box;\">黄色是粒子运动轨迹，青色十字是可能的粒子喷发点 | 参考文献 [3]\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Cp style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(62, 104, 75);box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cstrong style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">贝努的三次大喷发\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection style=\"text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Csection style=\"border-left: 2px dashed rgb(204, 204, 204);margin-left: 2em;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Csection style=\"display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;border-width: 2px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(62, 104, 75);margin-left: -2em;box-sizing: border-box;max-width: 18% !important;\">\u003Csection style=\"padding: 3px 5px;background-color: rgb(62, 104, 75);text-align: center;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cp style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">2019\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection style=\"padding: 3px 5px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cp style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">01.06\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection style=\"display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;padding-left: 10px;width: 100%;max-width: 82% !important;box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Csection style=\"text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Cp style=\"white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cspan style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">时间：贝努当地时间的15:22-16:35之间\u003Cbr style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003C\u002Fspan>喷发点：南纬57-75°，经度325-343°\u003Cbr style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">粒子速度：0.07-3.3 m\u002Fs 量级\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection style=\"text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Csection style=\"border-left: 2px dashed rgb(204, 204, 204);margin-left: 2em;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Csection style=\"display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;border-width: 2px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(62, 104, 75);margin-left: -2em;box-sizing: border-box;max-width: 18% !important;\">\u003Csection style=\"padding: 3px 5px;background-color: rgb(62, 104, 75);text-align: center;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cp style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">2019\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection style=\"padding: 3px 5px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cp style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">01.19\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection style=\"display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;padding-left: 10px;width: 100%;max-width: 82% !important;box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Csection style=\"text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Cp style=\"white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cspan style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">时间：贝努当地时间的16:38\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cbr style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cspan style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">喷发点：北纬20°，经度335°\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cspan style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">粒子速度：0.06-1.3 m\u002Fs 量级\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection style=\"text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Csection style=\"border-left: 2px dashed rgb(204, 204, 204);margin-left: 2em;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Csection style=\"display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;border-width: 2px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(62, 104, 75);margin-left: -2em;box-sizing: border-box;max-width: 18% !important;\">\u003Csection style=\"padding: 3px 5px;background-color: rgb(62, 104, 75);text-align: center;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cp style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">2019\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection style=\"padding: 3px 5px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cp style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">02.11\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection style=\"display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;padding-left: 10px;width: 100%;max-width: 82% !important;box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Csection style=\"text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Cp style=\"white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cspan style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">时间：贝努当地时间的18:05\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cbr style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cspan style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">喷发点：北纬20°，经度60°\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cspan style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">粒子速度：0.07-0.21 m\u002Fs 量级\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Cp style=\"white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;\">仅从这三次大型喷发事件来看，\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(62, 104, 75);box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cstrong style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">似乎并不能看到很强的规律性\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>：\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cul class=\" list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"\">\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">喷发的粒子大小不一：小的近1厘米，大的可达约10厘米（当然，也可能有更小的粒子，但更小的冥王号相机就看不到了）；\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">粒子快慢跨度很大：从0.06米\u002F秒到3.3米\u002F秒都有；\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">似乎啥经纬度都可能发生喷发…\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003C\u002Ful>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Cp style=\"white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(62, 104, 75);box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cstrong style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">这些粒子的喷发点有什么特殊之处么？好像也没有。\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>无论是地形地貌还是反照率，这三处喷发点一带，似乎都和贝努上的其他地方也没什么区别。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Csection style=\"text-align: center;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Csection style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Csection style=\"display: inline;box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Csection style=\"max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cimg class=\"raw-image\" data-type=\"jpeg\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Ffoxfom.com\u002Fimages\u002Fnature\u002F20260619\u002Fimage-1781831788646-9-e2dd514e.jpg\">\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Csection style=\"font-size: 12px;color: rgb(204, 204, 204);line-height: 1.5;box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cp style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">三次大喷发可能的喷发点（十字处），十字周围的区域是3倍误差范围的不确定区域。黄色十字处是后两次大喷发最可能的喷发点 | 参考文献[3]\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Csection style=\"text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cp style=\"white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;\">如果实在要这三次大喷发中找到什么共同之处的话——似乎唯一类似的是，\u003Cstrong style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(62, 104, 75);box-sizing: border-box;\">它们\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(62, 104, 75);box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cstrong style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">都发生在贝努当地时间的下午晚些时候\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;\">不过，单个背景粒子的喷发时间也不遵循这个唯一的规律——不管白天晚上，啥时候都有。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection style=\"margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;padding-right: 6px;padding-bottom: 6px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Csection style=\"padding-top: 6px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(237, 242, 238);box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Csection style=\"margin-right: -6px;margin-bottom: -6px;margin-left: 6px;background-color: rgb(62, 104, 75);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-right: 6px;padding-left: 6px;font-size: 20px;box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cp style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">喷出的粒子，去往何方？\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection style=\"max-width: 100%;color: rgb(104, 104, 104);box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Cp style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cspan style=\"letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;\">另一个天文学家们非常关心的问题是：不管是大型喷发、小型喷发、还是孤立的背景粒子游动——\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"letter-spacing: 0px;color: rgb(62, 104, 75);box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cstrong style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">这些离开贝努表面的粒子最终的归宿是哪里？\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cbr style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cspan style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">显然，\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(62, 104, 75);box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cstrong style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">贝努是一颗很小的小行星\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">，质量只有约7800万吨，平均直径不足500米，也就相当于……4.5个土星五号摞起来那么高吧\u003Cimg data-type=\"png\" style=\"border-width: 0px;border-style: initial;border-color: initial;width: 18px;height: 18px;vertical-align: -4px;box-sizing: border-box;\" title=\"[允悲]\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Ffoxfom.com\u002Fimages\u002Fnature\u002F20260619\u002Fimage-1781831788682-10-b0a93191.png\">\u003Cimg data-type=\"png\" style=\"border-width: 0px;border-style: initial;border-color: initial;width: 18px;height: 18px;vertical-align: -4px;box-sizing: border-box;\" title=\"[允悲]\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Ffoxfom.com\u002Fimages\u002Fnature\u002F20260619\u002Fimage-1781831788697-11-fa9d7229.png\">\u003Cimg data-type=\"png\" style=\"border-width: 0px;border-style: initial;border-color: initial;width: 18px;height: 18px;vertical-align: -4px;box-sizing: border-box;\" title=\"[允悲]\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Ffoxfom.com\u002Fimages\u002Fnature\u002F20260619\u002Fimage-1781831788790-12-822bce50.png\">\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Csection style=\"text-align: center;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Csection style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Csection style=\"display: inline;box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Csection style=\"max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cimg class=\"raw-image\" data-type=\"jpeg\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Ffoxfom.com\u002Fimages\u002Fnature\u002F20260619\u002Fimage-1781831789060-13-7916c909.jpg\">\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection style=\"text-align: center;max-width: 100%;line-height: 1.5;box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Cp style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 12px;color: rgb(204, 204, 204);box-sizing: border-box;\">贝努vs土星五号 | 素材来源：NASA，制图：haibaraemily\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cbr style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Cp style=\"white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;\">质量越小，自然引力就越小，这也就意味着：\u003Cspan style=\"letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;\">贝努上喷出的颗粒物，\u003Cspan style=\"letter-spacing: 0px;color: rgb(62, 104, 75);box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cstrong style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">速度稍快一些的，可以轻轻松松摆脱贝努的引力，进入太空\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;\">那速度不够快的粒子们会怎么样呢？还有两种命运：\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cul class=\" list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"\">\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">一种是短暂地环绕贝努飞行数周，然后屈服于引力这双“看不见的手”，最终重新落回贝努表面；\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">另一种是压根没能实现环球旅行，只是以亚轨道飞行了一小段，就很快落回了贝努表面。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003C\u002Ful>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Csection style=\"text-align: center;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Csection style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Csection style=\"display: inline;box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Csection style=\"max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cimg class=\"raw-image\" data-type=\"jpeg\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Ffoxfom.com\u002Fimages\u002Fnature\u002F20260619\u002Fimage-1781831789077-14-038cbd65.jpg\">\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Csection style=\"text-align: justify;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(204, 204, 204);line-height: 1.5;box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cp style=\"text-align: center;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;\">离开贝努表面的粒子之三种命运：很快回来、过一段时间再回来，和永远不回来 | 改编自：Nature [4]\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Cp style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cspan style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">冥王号项目组选取了这近50天里观测到的215条粒子轨迹进行分析，把这些“腿脚没那么快”的粒子又进一步\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(62, 104, 75);box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cstrong style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">细分为六类（Particle 1-6）\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>，其中：\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cul class=\" list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"\">\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">1-4类粒子在环绕贝努飞行了4-17周之后落回贝努表面；\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">5和6类粒子沿亚轨道飞了一段就落回贝努表面。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003C\u002Ful>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Csection style=\"text-align: center;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Csection style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Csection style=\"display: inline;box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Csection style=\"max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cimg class=\"raw-image\" data-type=\"jpeg\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Ffoxfom.com\u002Fimages\u002Fnature\u002F20260619\u002Fimage-1781831789113-15-9de44b08.jpg\">\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Csection style=\"font-size: 12px;color: rgb(204, 204, 204);padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cp style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">1-6类没能最终成功飞离贝努的粒子轨迹 | 参考文献[3]\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection style=\"margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;padding-right: 6px;padding-bottom: 6px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Csection style=\"padding-top: 6px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(237, 242, 238);box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Csection style=\"margin-right: -6px;margin-bottom: -6px;margin-left: 6px;background-color: rgb(62, 104, 75);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-right: 6px;padding-left: 6px;font-size: 20px;box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cp style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">好端端的，到底为啥就\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">开始喷砂砾了？\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Cp style=\"white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;\">如果说探测器的工作是不远千万里前往现场搜证的话，那么借助搜证的结果，抽丝剥茧展开推理和论证的天文学家，就是宇宙意义上的侦探。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;\">通常来说，彗星和活跃小行星的喷发有很多可能的原因和机制，而侦探们要做的，是\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(95, 156, 239);box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cstrong style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">寻找和探讨所有的可能，排除其中的不可能。\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;\">对于三次大喷发，天文学家探索了6种可能的原因。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Csection style=\"white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-family: 微软雅黑;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: initial;overflow-wrap: break-word;\">\u003Csection style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Csection style=\"margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Csection style=\"padding: 2px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(237, 242, 238);box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Csection style=\"padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;margin-right: 5px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(62, 104, 75);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Csection style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">1\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection style=\"padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 5px;display: inline-block;color: rgb(62, 104, 75);text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cp style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">自转瓦解 \u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(242, 25, 0);box-sizing: border-box;\">✗\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Cp style=\"white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;\">一个星球自转越快，星球上的物体受到的离心作用就越强。快到一定程度，这个星球就会变得不稳定，星球上的尘埃和石块就可能脱离引力束缚，簌簌地剥落散逸。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;\">很多自转较快、个头较小的活跃小行星或者彗星因为“聚合”方式比较松散，就有可能经历过一定程度的自转瓦解。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;\">主带彗星331P\u002FGibbs（原名P\u002F2012 F5）就曾明确被观测到由于自转太快而“掉渣”的现象。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Csection style=\"text-align: center;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Csection style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Csection style=\"display: inline;box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Csection style=\"max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cimg class=\"raw-image\" data-type=\"jpeg\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Ffoxfom.com\u002Fimages\u002Fnature\u002F20260619\u002Fimage-1781831789148-16-f964db04.jpg\">\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection style=\"text-align: center;max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.5;box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Cp style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 12px;color: rgb(204, 204, 204);box-sizing: border-box;\">2014年8月26日，Keck II望远镜观测到直径数公里、自转周期3.24小时的主带彗星331P\u002FGibbs（绿色箭头）的尾迹里有四块掉出的碎片（白色箭头） | 参考文献 [5]\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cbr style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Cp style=\"white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;\">但这不符合在贝努上观测到的情况。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;\">因为自转甩出碎片和尘埃这种事儿，肯定会优先发生在受到离心作用最大的赤道区域，而且只可能沿着自转方向甩出去。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;\">而不是像贝努现在这样，从低纬到高纬随机喷发，而且顺行逆行、啥轨道啥角度都有。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Csection style=\"white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-family: 微软雅黑;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: initial;overflow-wrap: break-word;\">\u003Csection style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Csection style=\"margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Csection style=\"padding: 2px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(237, 242, 238);box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Csection style=\"padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;margin-right: 5px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(62, 104, 75);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cp style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">2\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection style=\"padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 5px;display: inline-block;color: rgb(62, 104, 75);text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cp style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">静电飘浮 \u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(242, 25, 0);box-sizing: border-box;\">✗\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Cp style=\"white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;\">太阳风长驱直入打在没有大气的星球表面产生的电场，会让尘埃粒子因为静电力的作用而离开星球表面，漂浮游动起来。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;\">这是探测者号系列任务（Surveyor）在月球上发现的地平线光（lunar horizon glow）可能的原因。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Csection style=\"text-align: center;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Csection style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Csection style=\"display: inline;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Csection style=\"max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 100%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cimg class=\"raw-image\" data-type=\"jpeg\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Ffoxfom.com\u002Fimages\u002Fnature\u002F20260619\u002Fimage-1781831789184-17-48fc5197.jpg\">\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection style=\"text-align: center;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Cp style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 12px;color: rgb(204, 204, 204);box-sizing: border-box;\">月尘跳动的舞步 | NASA\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cbr style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Cp style=\"white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;\">但在贝努这么大的小行星上，静电作用顶多只能扬起毫米级的砂粒，而且速度不太可能超过1米\u002F秒——也就是说，静电作用不太可能产生在贝努周围发现的这么大、这么快的粒子运动。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Csection style=\"white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-family: 微软雅黑;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: initial;overflow-wrap: break-word;\">\u003Csection style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Csection style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Csection style=\"display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: initial;overflow-wrap: break-word;\">\u003Csection style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Csection style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: initial;overflow-wrap: break-word;\">\u003Csection style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Csection style=\"margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Csection style=\"padding: 2px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(237, 242, 238);box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Csection style=\"padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;margin-right: 5px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(62, 104, 75);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cp style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">3\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection style=\"padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 5px;display: inline-block;color: rgb(62, 104, 75);text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cp style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">冰升华 \u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(242, 25, 0);box-sizing: border-box;\">✗\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection style=\"text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Cp style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">一氧化碳、干冰、水冰等挥发性物质的升华会带动尘埃粒子的释放，这是彗星喷发出的尘埃粒子常见原因之一。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Csection style=\"text-align: center;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Csection style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Csection style=\"display: inline;box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Csection style=\"max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cimg class=\"raw-image\" data-type=\"jpeg\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Ffoxfom.com\u002Fimages\u002Fnature\u002F20260619\u002Fimage-1781831789219-18-bf01952d.jpg\">\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection style=\"text-align: center;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Cp style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 12px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;\">彗星67P | ESA\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cbr style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection style=\"text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Cp style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">但这对贝努依然是不太可能的——因为贝努当时距离太阳已经很近了，低纬区域表面的温度高达110摄氏度以上，常见的挥发性物质都不可能还保持冰的状态存在了。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">更何况，目前为止的光谱观测并没有在贝努的表面发现水冰的存在，也没有发现近期发生过什么可能释放出地下各种物质冰的地质活动。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Csection style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Csection style=\"white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-family: 微软雅黑;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: initial;overflow-wrap: break-word;\">\u003Csection style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Csection style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Csection style=\"display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: initial;overflow-wrap: break-word;\">\u003Csection style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Csection style=\"letter-spacing: 0.544px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: initial;overflow-wrap: break-word;\">\u003Csection style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Csection style=\"margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Csection style=\"padding: 2px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(237, 242, 238);box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Csection style=\"padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;margin-right: 5px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(62, 104, 75);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cp style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">4\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection style=\"padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 5px;display: inline-block;color: rgb(62, 104, 75);text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cp style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">含水矿物释放水 \u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(242, 25, 0);box-sizing: border-box;\">✔\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection style=\"text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Cp style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">虽然贝努表面没发现水冰，但有其他形式的水呀！光谱观测表明，贝努表面富含一种叫做\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(62, 104, 75);box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cstrong style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">层状硅酸盐\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>的\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(62, 104, 75);box-sizing: border-box;\">含水矿物\u003C\u002Fspan>，这种矿物就可能在贝努目前的温度条件下释放出“锁住”的水，产生气压，带动尘埃和砂粒的喷发。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">天文学家认为，导致近地小行星法厄同（3200 Phaethon）喷发尘埃可能的原因之一，就是含水矿物的分解 。贝努也同样有这种可能。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Csection style=\"display: inline;box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Csection style=\"max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cimg class=\"raw-image\" data-type=\"jpeg\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Ffoxfom.com\u002Fimages\u002Fnature\u002F20260619\u002Fimage-1781831789442-19-b22c05d7.jpg\">\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection style=\"text-align: justify;letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.5;box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Cp style=\"text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 12px;color: rgb(204, 204, 204);box-sizing: border-box;\">近地小行星法厄同喷发的尘埃，被认为是双子座流星雨的来源 | Steed\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Csection style=\"letter-spacing: 0.544px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: initial;overflow-wrap: break-word;\">\u003Csection style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Csection style=\"margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Csection style=\"padding: 2px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(237, 242, 238);box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Csection style=\"padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;margin-right: 5px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(62, 104, 75);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cp style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">5\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection style=\"padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 5px;display: inline-block;color: rgb(62, 104, 75);text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cp style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">流星体撞击 \u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(242, 25, 0);box-sizing: border-box;\">✔\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection style=\"letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Cp style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cspan style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">被流星体不断撞击，是太阳系里每颗星球绝对不可能避免的日常。自然，撞击挖掘和溅射出的物质也完全可能成为贝努喷射沙尘和砾石的来源——据推算，一颗质量2.5微克的星际尘埃以15.5公里\u002F秒的速度撞上贝努，就能带来300毫焦能量，产生一次像1月6日那么大规模的喷发事件。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cspan style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">唯一有点问题的是：按照目前的星际尘埃模型估算，这种重量的流星体撞击对贝努简直太频繁了，平均每分钟就能发生一次——远远超出了目前在贝努观测到的大型喷发事件的频率（约2周一次）。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection style=\"letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Cp style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cspan style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">不过也不是圆不回来：比如流星体带来的能量不一定会全部转化成喷射粒子的动能，所以可能需要更大更重的流星体才能产生同规模的喷发，这样所需的撞击频率也会低很多。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Csection style=\"letter-spacing: 0.544px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: initial;overflow-wrap: break-word;\">\u003Csection style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Csection style=\"margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Csection style=\"padding: 2px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(237, 242, 238);box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Csection style=\"padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;margin-right: 5px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(62, 104, 75);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cp style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">6\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection style=\"padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 5px;display: inline-block;color: rgb(62, 104, 75);text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cp style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">热破裂 \u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(242, 25, 0);box-sizing: border-box;\">✔\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection style=\"letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Cp style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cspan style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">冷热交替引起的岩石破裂也是一种可能的原因。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cspan style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">贝努的自转很快（周期4.3小时），离太阳又很近（近日点距离太阳只有0.9个日地距离），这意味着贝努的表面和浅表层地下会频繁经历寒冷夜晚和炎热白天的轮转。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection style=\"letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Cp style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cspan style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">在这样频繁的冷热交替之下，贝努上的岩石很容易逐渐破碎，有些碎屑可能会在贝努上温度较高的时候（也就是当地时间下午）被弹射离地表——这正是三次大喷发发生的时间。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Csection style=\"text-align: center;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Csection style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Csection style=\"display: inline;box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Csection style=\"max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cimg class=\"raw-image\" data-type=\"gif\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Ffoxfom.com\u002Fimages\u002Fnature\u002F20260619\u002Fimage-1781831789748-20-d6ee75b4.gif\">\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Cp style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cspan style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">也就是说，经过一番排查之后，只剩下了\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(62, 104, 75);box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cstrong style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">3种可能的原因会导致贝努目前观测到的大型粒子喷发\u003C\u002Fstrong>：\u003Cstrong style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">含水矿物释放水、流星体撞击和热分裂\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>。当然，也完全可能是这些原因中的两两或者三者一同结合起来，共同引起了这样的大喷发。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Cp style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cspan style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">那还有\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(62, 104, 75);box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cstrong style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">近十次小型喷发又是因为什么呢？\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cspan style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">冥王号团队也提出了一种可能的解释：\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(62, 104, 75);box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cstrong style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">小型喷发事件是大型喷发事件的副产物。\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cbr style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection style=\"white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Cp style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cspan style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">观测到的三次大喷发均发生于贝努当地时间下午，其中一部分喷出的粒子经过亚轨道飞行之后会撞上贝努夜晚那一面，这些粒子经过多次反弹和相互撞击，完全可能引起一系列小型喷发事件。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Csection style=\"box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;line-height: 1.5em;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(204, 204, 204);font-size: 12px;text-align: center;letter-spacing: 0px;\">根据1月19日的大喷发事件数据模拟的各种速度和方向的粒子轨迹，注意在向阳面喷出的粒子经过亚轨道后通常会再次撞在贝努的背阳面 | 参考文献 [3]\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection style=\"margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;padding-right: 6px;padding-bottom: 6px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Csection style=\"padding-top: 6px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(237, 242, 238);box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Csection style=\"margin-right: -6px;margin-bottom: -6px;margin-left: 6px;background-color: rgb(62, 104, 75);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-right: 6px;padding-left: 6px;font-size: 20px;box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cp style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">喷砂砾有解了，然后呢？\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Cp style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cspan style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">近日，冥王号项目组从4个备选采样点中选定了接下来的采样点——位于\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(62, 104, 75);box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cstrong style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">最北端的Nightingale\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(136, 136, 136);box-sizing: border-box;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Csection style=\"text-align: center;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Csection style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Csection style=\"display: inline;box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Csection style=\"max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cimg class=\"raw-image\" data-type=\"jpeg\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Ffoxfom.com\u002Fimages\u002Fnature\u002F20260619\u002Fimage-1781831789979-21-297230b2.jpg\">\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection style=\"text-align: center;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Csection style=\"box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1.5em;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);box-sizing: border-box;\">Nightingale位于北半球一个一个直径140米的撞击坑中 | NASA\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cbr style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Cp style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cspan style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">位于次北端的Osprey作为备选采样点。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Csection style=\"text-align: center;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Csection style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Csection style=\"display: inline;box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Csection style=\"max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cimg class=\"raw-image\" data-type=\"jpeg\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Ffoxfom.com\u002Fimages\u002Fnature\u002F20260619\u002Fimage-1781831790256-22-a7b2ceb2.jpg\">\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection style=\"white-space: normal;text-align: center;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Cp style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);box-sizing: border-box;\">4个备选着陆点的位置 | NASA\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cbr style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection style=\"white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Cp style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cspan style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">冥王号计划2020年夏季完成贝努采样，2023年9月把样品带回地球。或许届时从这些带回的样品中，我们还能找到贝努喷发粒子的新线索。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cspan style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">说不定，有些被喷出的砂砾就刚好被采集回来了呢。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection style=\"margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Csection style=\"display: flex;align-items: center;box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Csection style=\"flex: 0 1 auto;box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Csection opera-tn-ra-cell=\"_$.pages:0.layers:0.comps:78.col1\" style=\"padding-right: 15px;padding-left: 15px;box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Csection style=\"text-align: center;color: rgb(204, 204, 204);font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Cp style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">参考文献\u003Cbr style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection style=\"max-width: 100%;color: rgb(204, 204, 204);box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Cp style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;\">[1] https:\u002F\u002Fwww.asteroidmission.org\u002F?latest-news=nasa-mission-reveals-asteroid-big-surprises\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection style=\"white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;color: rgb(204, 204, 204);box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Cp style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;\">[2] NASA’s OSIRIS-REx Mission Explains Bennu’s Mysterious Particle Events\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;\">https:\u002F\u002Fwww.asteroidmission.org\u002F?latest-news=nasas-osiris-rex-mission-explains-bennus-mysterious-particle-events\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection style=\"max-width: 100%;color: rgb(204, 204, 204);box-sizing: border-box;\" powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\u003Cp style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;\">[3] Lauretta, D. S., Hergenrother, C. W., Chesley, S. R., Leonard, J. M., Pelgrift, J. Y., Adam, C. D., ... & Bennett, C. A. (2019). Episodes of particle ejection from the surface of the active asteroid (101955) Bennu. \u003Cem style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">Science\u003C\u002Fem>, 366(6470).\u003Cbr style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;\">[4] Agarwal, J. (2019). Close-up view of an active asteroid. \u003Cem style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">Science\u003C\u002Fem>, 366(6470), 1192-1193.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cspan style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">[5] \u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;\">Drahus, M., Waniak, W., Tendulkar, S., Agarwal, J., Jewitt, D., & Sheppard, S. S. (2015). Fast rotation and trailing fragments of the active asteroid P\u002F2012 F5 (Gibbs). \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cem style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cspan style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">The Astrophysical Journal Letters\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fem>\u003Cspan style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">, 802\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;\">(1), L8.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cspan style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 12px;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;\">[6] \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;\">Jewitt, D., & Li, J. (2010). Activity in geminid parent (3200) Phaethon. \u003Cem style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">The Astronomical Journal\u003C\u002Fem>, 140(5), 1519.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 12px;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;\">[7] X MARKS THE SPOT: NASA SELECTS SITE FOR ASTEROID SAMPLE COLLECTION\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: Arial, sans-serif;text-align: left;font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;\">[8]\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;\">https:\u002F\u002Fwww.asteroidmission.org\u002F?latest-news=x-marks-the-spot-nasa-selects-site-for-asteroid-sample-collection\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection style=\"font-size: 12px;color: rgb(120, 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